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BARRIER METHODS
There are several different barrier methods of birth control.
They are:
The effectiveness of barrier methods range from 72% to 98%. The effectiveness rate depends upon correct use and application of the chosen method.
Advantages
- With the exception of the cervical cap and the diaphragm, barrier methods of birth control are available over the counter, without a prescription.
- No additional hormones are introduced into the body.
- Condoms offer the additional benefit of protection from sexually transmitted diseases, when used correctly.
Disadvantages
- Each method requires the correct placement/application of the barrier in order to be effective.
- Some people develop allergic reactions to the barrier or the ingredients that make up the barrier.
- Spermicidals must be inserted from five to fifteen minutes prior to intercourse and this may cause a problem with couples that practice spontaneous intercourse.
- Caps, diaphragms and sponges cannot be used during menstruation. They can also dislodge during intercourse.
- With all the above forms of barrier birth control, spontaneity of intercourse can be compromised if the chosen barrier method of birth control is not readily available.
Cervical Cap
The cervical cap is a thimble-shaped rubber cap that fits snugly over the cervix (opening to the uterus). When in place, it forms a seal, much like a suction cup. Cervix sizes vary, so you will need to be fitted by a doctor or a nurse. You will also be shown how to insert the cap. Spermicidal cream or jelly is used in conjunction with the cap. It should be left in place for 6 to 8 hours following intercourse, allowing the spermicidal time to work. You may keep the cervical cap in place for up to 24 hours. You may not be able to use the cap if the correct size to fit your cervix is unavailable, or you are unable to place or remove the cap. You should be checked for correct cap fit periodically, or if your weight changes by 10 pounds or more, after pregnancy or miscarriage of beyond 3 months, or after pelvic surgery.
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Condoms (male)
A condom is a thin sheath, which is placed over an erect penis, providing a barrier and preventing contact with sperm. Condoms are available in flavoured, coloured and scented varieties. Condoms are available in several sizes and can be made from latex, lambskin or plastic. They are primarily used to prevent pregnancy and/or sexually transmitted diseases. Only latex condoms protect against pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Novelty items may appear similar to condoms, but are NOT considered to be condoms. They must be labeled as novelties, and should not be used as contraceptive devices or for disease protection. A new condom must be used every time you have intercourse. The effectiveness of condoms as contraceptive devices increases when combined with another type of barrier method, such as foam spermicidals. Condoms may break or tear during intercourse. They may also roll up during the act of intercourse, and therefore the base of the penis should be checked several times during intercourse, to ensure that this has not happened. Sperm may also spill out of the condom when it is being removed from the penis. Lubrications may be used, but should only be water-based. Oil-based lubricants may break down the latex, making it less effective.
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Condoms (female)
This type of condom is a loose polyurethane pouch with two flexible rings that is fitted into the vagina. The inner ring and pouch are inserted into the vagina, while the outer ring lies against the outside of the vagina. Approximately 1 inch of the pouch remains outside of the body. As with male condoms, female condoms protect against sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, and pregnancy. People with latex sensitivities or allergies can use the female condom. The polyurethane lining is stronger than the latex of the male condom, and can be inserted up to 8 hours prior to intercourse. As with the male condom, a new condom must be used for every act of intercourse. Female condoms have been known to break. Sperm may also spill out of the condom during removal. Other problems noted include the noise emitted during intercourse, and the movement of the condom.
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Diaphragm
A diaphragm is a shallow, rubber cup in the shape of a dome. It is placed in the vagina, over the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the cervix. A doctor or nurse can fit you with the correct size of diaphragm needed. Like the cervical cap, it must be used in conjunction with a spermicidal. Each time intercourse takes place; an applicator full of the chosen spermicidal must be introduced. The diaphragm is not removed to do this. It should be left in place from 6 to 8 hours following intercourse, prior to removal, allowing the spermicidal time to work. Diaphragms should not be left in place longer than 24 hours. You should be checked for correct diaphragm fit periodically, or if your weight changes by 10 pounds or more, after pregnancy or miscarriage of beyond 3 months, or after pelvic surgery.
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Spermicides
Vaginal  spermicides are available in a variety of forms. They include jellies, creams, foams, inserts or suppositories. They work by chemicals that kill or inactivate sperm. Spermicides are placed in the vagina, prior to intercourse, in order to be effective. Different types of spermicide will have different instructions for use, as well as stating for how long they are effective. It is important to carefully read the entire directions prior to use. Regardless of which type of spermicidal you use, a new application must be used each time you have intercourse. Spermicides are usually used in conjunction with another type of barrier method of birth control, as they are not very effective when used alone.
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Sponges
Sponges are round, disposable polyurethane foam devices, about 5 centimeters in diameter that contain 3 different kinds of spermicidal agents. They are inserted into the vagina where they cover the cervix, and absorb sperm, preventing the passage of sperm through to the uterus. Once the sponge absorbs sperm, the spermicidal agents kill or inactivate them. The sponge may be inserted up to 6 hours prior to having intercourse, and should be left in place for 6 to 8 hours following intercourse, prior to removal, allowing the spermicidal time to work. The spermicidals in the sponge are released for up to 12 hours following insertion. Sponges are single use only. Once removed from the body, the sponge must be discarded.
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